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They spit on him, threw animal intestines on him, harassed his followers and threatened to beat him. Muhammad refused to stop his preaching against the idols in the Ka’bah, and Quraysh persecutions became more intense. He consummated the marriage when Aisha was nine, and she became his favorite wife. Within a month of Khadija’s death, Muhammad had married a widow named Sauda and had become engaged to Aisha, the six-year-old daughter of his father-in-law, Abu Bakr. In 619, Muhammad’s wife Khadija and his uncle Abu Talib both died. Although he had offered money and gifts to illiterate pagans if they would accept his claims, after thirteen years he had only 150 converts. Muhammad continued to preach that he was the Prophet and Messenger of Allah-the Creator, the One True God, all-powerful, invisible and unknowable. When Muhammad began preaching against the idols in the Ka’bah, his tribe, the Quraysh, began causing trouble for him. Many of Muhammad’s idiosyncrasies gradually, over centuries, became part of Islamic doctrine. He hated poets and artists he promised artists they would burn in hell until the living beings in their paintings came to life. Muhammad forbade images of any living thing in his home-saying that no man should ever attempt to imitate Allah’s creations. Nevertheless, Muhammad continued reciting his ‘revelations’ on the streets of Mecca and wherever he traveled. Not one of Muhammad’s family, friends or associates ever claimed to have seen this angel. He claimed Gabriel’s revelations to him were word-for-word, directly from Allah, and that Gabriel was the same angel who announced to Mary that she would give birth to Jesus.
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The year was AD 610 and it marked the founding of Islam.Īs Muhammad’s visions continued he steadily elevated himself from Messenger to Apostle of Allah, then to last in the line of biblical prophets, then second only to Allah. Muhammad believed her and began preaching on the streets of Mecca. She told him that rather than being insane he was a prophet. She covered him with a blanket and calmed him down. He ran to Khadija for comfort and guidance. Proclaim! And your Lord is Most Bountiful, – He Who taught (the use of) the Pen, – Taught men that which he did not know.” Muhammad awoke from this dream thinking he had gone insane. One day, when Muhammad was forty, he claimed the angel Gabriel appeared to him in a dream and told him, “Read! (or Proclaim!) in the name of your Lord and Cherisher, Who created man out of a (mere) clot of congealed blood. She also gave him four daughters, all of whom lived to adulthood. Khadija gave him two sons, but both died in early childhood. The year was AD 595 and Muhammad was twenty-five years old. She was 40 years old, four times divorced and had children. On several trading ventures he earned a good profit for a wealthy widow named Khadija. Working in the caravan trade, Muhammad earned a reputation for fairness and excellent business practices. Muhammad surely met people of diverse faiths in Arabia, Syria and Yemen. His grandfather died when Muhammad was eight and he was given over to his uncle, Abu Talib.Īs a boy, Muhammad tended sheep until he began traveling with his uncle Abu Talib, a caravan trader. Muhammad’s mother died when he was six and he was given over to the care of his paternal grandfather. Muhammad was still in his mother’s womb when his father died. Allah’s symbol, the crescent moon, later became the universal symbol for Islam. Muhammad’s father’s name, “Abdullah,” means “slave of Allah.” Allah was the moon god and chief idol of the Quraysh tribe. The Quraysh exacted access fees from worshippers and sold religious artifacts. It was responsible for maintaining the Ka’bah, which housed 360 different idols. Muhammad’s tribe, the Quraysh, was the wealthy ruling family of Mecca. Visitors could worship their personal idols at the Ka’bah, a black cube-shaped structure in the heart of Mecca.Īrabs of that era were tolerant of all religions Jews and Christians coexisted peacefully with their Arab neighbors. Polygamy and idol worship were pervasive Arabs in the region worshiped hundreds of different gods and goddesses. The eye-for-eye tooth-for-tooth law of retribution prevailed.
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Females had no say in the affairs of society males used them for child-rearing, homemaking and sexual pleasure. High birth rates were necessary for survival. Life was fierce on the Arabian Peninsula desert tribes fought over scarce resources. He was born in April of the year AD 570 in the city of Mecca. Muhammad was Islam’s founder and prophet.